Transportation network effects

Network effects explain why many systems become exponentially more useful as they are used by more people. Communication systems work that way: fax machines became much more useful as more businesses bought fax machines. Social networks work that way: Facebook became much more useful when the majority of your social contacts joined Facebook. Transportation systems, however, diverge.

Driving around Boston maximized its network effects a long time ago. We reached sufficient usage more than half a century ago to develop a complete system of roads, parking, gas stations, and repair shops. New fueling systems, such as charging stations, present a new network effects challenge: it’s not worth building charging stations everywhere until enough cars need them, and people are hesitant to purchase electric cars without knowing that there will be enough charging stations. But leaving that aside, we are not waiting for sufficient adoption of driving to make driving a better choice. Instead, driving long ago passed the event horizon into capacity saturation problems. When road usage saturates the road capacity, you get traffic congestion, which makes the entire system less useful for everyone instead of more useful. Adding road capacity is very expensive, and urban planners recognize that any new road capacity is immediately saturated as well.

Public transportation around Boston has lots of additional capacity. It is easy to increase the frequency of trains and buses, it is easy to add bus routes, and it is therefore easy to handle far more passengers. And with increased frequency and added bus routes, public transportation becomes more useful to current passengers and attracts new passengers, which can support further expansion. That is the classic network effect.

The trouble is that we put all of our resources into supporting the driving network instead of the public transportation network. This is a huge missed opportunity. And now the MBTA is looking to reduce service by reducing frequency and eliminating bus routes, and raise fares at the same time. If we want to leverage our public dollars, we need to shift our funding from the driving network to the public transportation network, not the other way around. And I say this as a committed driver.

Welcome to the faith of your fathers

We completed David’s formal conversion to Judaism yesterday. It was a long and complex and ultimately rewarding process. Too many thoughts to process yet.

By the way, we have a son

Apparently some people view birth announcements as requests for gifts, and therefore refrain from widely distributing birth announcements or bridle at receiving them. We view David’s birth announcement as an announcement of David’s birth. This is the most important piece of news in our lives since we got married, so we want to share that news. We chose to create a physical keepsake, rather than rely on electronic communication, to signify the importance of David’s birth to us. We are planning to start mailing some of these out soon.

If you receive a birth announcement from us, it is because we want to share the news of David’s birth with you. Please don’t bridle. Don’t call my mother to complain. And for fuck’s sake, if you feel compelled to send a gift that you don’t actually want to send because we rudely mailed you a birth announcement (or sent you an email announcement, or called you to tell you that we have a son, or invited you to come share our joy in person and actually meet this brand new human being who we think is really amazing and who will want and need friends of all ages), get some therapy and grow a fucking spine. As far as we’re concerned, all of the reciprocity required by society is simply to reply through some convenient means at some convenient time with some convenient expression of your congratulations and/or good wishes for our and/or his future. Many of you have already done so, and we treasure those calls and cards and visits and emails and Facebook comments. If you happen to express (or even feign) joy at the same time, whether through words or tone of voice, you’ll make us even happier. That previous sentence is simply a point of information, not a demand for you to increase our happiness. And the sentence after that previous sentence, the sentence immediately preceding this one that you are now reading, is the exact sort of disclaimer that we feel very strongly we should not have to keep providing.

If you don’t receive a birth announcement from us, it is because we have run out of stamps, or because we don’t have your address, or because we can no longer find the Post Office in this Godforsaken frozen wasteland named Massachusetts. So instead of fretting or fuming or sighing with relief that you haven’t received one of these deeply offensive announcements that our household’s population has increased by 50% (or 33% if you include the dog, or 100% if you don’t include one of us, or 0.00414% by mass), just let us know at some time convenient to you that you’d like one. We have plenty. Because we think that it’s fun to share good news.

And by the way, we have a son. His name is David, and we think the world of him.

He was my Rabbi

My rabbi from before I can even remember died in late December. Rabbi Bernard Stefansky was a mentor, a leader, and an inspiration. He could summon fire and brimstone in his sermons, and he could communicate a fearsome disapproval in conversation, and both of those were absolutely overwhelmed in my experience by his tremendous love for the next generation. He taught me to lead services, and he taught me to teach others to lead services, and he taught me to question authority while respecting tradition. He was a major part of my life for many formative years. I miss him deeply.


His daughter wrote the following.

Broward County Bar Association
President’s Message
By Jordana Goldstein

When arranging the program for the Bar installation dinner last June, I had to decide who was going to give the invocation. Since my father was a Rabbi it seemed natural just to ask him to do it. However, I hesitated asking him because my father had significant health issues, requiring him to be on oxygen 24 hours a day. I was concerned that he would be unable to walk to the dais, let alone walk up the few stairs that would enable him to reach the podium. Ultimately, someone suggested that he use a wireless microphone, which would allow him to give the invocation from his seat. Problem solved. When I asked my dad to give the invocation, he said it would be his honor to do so. So on June 9th, my father, Rabbi Bernard Stefansky, gave the invocation at an event that was so important to me both personally and professionally. He sat at a table right before me and before the evening ended, he handed me a bouquet of roses and said some beautiful things to me in front of very many people. He made me feel proud to be the President of the Broward Bar, and I was very proud he was my father.

I never imagined that my father would not be sitting in front of me at the next installation dinner, when my tenure as President comes to an end. However, on Friday, December 23rd, my father passed away at the age of 78. He fought a long and courageous battle against heart and lung disease. I have never known anyone who had such a will to live as my father did, which is why he survived as long as he did with such an insidious disease. While my father was sick for many years, I do not want to remember him that way. Instead, I am choosing to focus on what he accomplished in his life and to celebrate his life. My father was an incredible person, because he was so selfless. His passion, and really his mission in life, was to help others and to inspire others to do the same. He was the Rabbi and spiritual leader of several congregations in New York, Massachusetts and Florida. In that role, he mentored and counseled hundreds of people, which is something he truly loved to do. So many people benefitted from his ideas and words of encouragement. He visited people in the hospital on a weekly basis until he became sick himself, where he often prayed for their recovery and provided emotional support for patients’ family members and friends. I can remember accompanying my father on these visits because often times the patients were elderly, and he felt they enjoyed having children visit.

Despite the fact that my parents were of modest means, my father always emphasized the importance of giving to charity. He worked tirelessly to raise money for various causes and encouraged many others to do the same. He was also an educator. He enjoyed conducting adult education classes on various topics. I believe so many people attended his classes not only to learn something new, but to hear him tell his famously funny stories and jokes. He truly loved to learn and to read. He loved history and prided himself on becoming a World War II aficionado. He was a war veteran himself, having served as a paratrooper in the Korean War. He offered comfort and strength to so many in difficult times, particularly when he was the Chaplain for the Massachusetts State Police and Medford Fire Department.

Most significant was the love he had for his family and friends. On December 27th, my parents would have celebrated their 47th wedding anniversary. My parents were true partners in life who supported and encouraged each other throughout their marriage. My brother and sister can attest to the fact that my father expected a lot from us, and, therefore, could be pretty tough at times. But we knew he truly loved us, because he took the time to tell us so. It is difficult to fathom that he will no longer be calling me to express how much he loved me. My father was the very proud grandfather (believe me when I say he had absolutely no shame when it came to bragging about them) to seven wonderful children who will miss him terribly. He loved his friends, he loved being with his friends, and most importantly he loved laughing with his friends.

I am so thankful for my father because he was the one who taught me the value of an education, the importance of giving back to the community, and to always strive to be the best that I can be. He taught me to be strong, to work hard, and to believe in myself. I have always worked to make him proud and I hope I accomplished that in some small way. He was a man of honor and a true fighter. No matter how difficult life could be, he handled everything with courage and grace for which I will always be proud of him.

I have received phone calls, emails, texts, and condolence cards from so many of you. I cannot express to you in words how much I have appreciated you reaching out to me during this difficult time. While I cannot thank each one of you individually, please know that I will always be grateful for your support. You have reminded me just how kind and compassionate people can be. At the start of each new year my father would always say, “I wish for you in the coming year, what you wish for yourself.” In his memory, I extend that same sentiment to you. But I also wish for you to follow in his footsteps. My hope is that you will be more helpful to others, be more charitable, remember to tell your family how much you love them, be a good friend, and remember to laugh even during the most difficult of times.


The obituary from the Sun-Sentinel.

Stefansky, Bernard of Boynton Beach, FL passed away on Friday, December 23, 2011, at the age of 78. He was the Rabbi and spiritual leader of several congregations including: Temple Beth El in Patchogue, NY; Lake Success Jewish Center in Lake Success, NY; Temple Shalom in Medford, MA; and Beth Israel Synagogue in Longmeadow, MA. While in Massachusetts he served as Chaplain of the Massachusetts State Police and Medford Fire Department. Upon moving to Florida, he became the Rabbi of Congregation Anshei Sholom in Century Village, West Palm Beach, FL. He was a member of the Palm Beach County Board of Rabbis. He served in the United States Army during the Korean War, 1951-1953. He was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia to the late Joseph and Esther Stefansky. He is survived by his beloved wife of 47 years, Evelyn; his adored children, Jordana (Jeffrey) Goldstein, Jonathan (Bracha), and Rebecca; his cherished grandchildren Yosef, Esther, Shira, Boaz, Avigayil, Ariel and Jonah; his sister Rachel Brody; and many cousins; nieces and nephews. He was a mentor, teacher, counselor and dear friend to so many who often sought his advice and guidance. He will be remembered for his sense of humor, his passion for learning, his love of history, particularly events surrounding World War II, and his significant contributions to the community and various charitable organizations. Memorial contributions can be made to the American Lung Association in Florida, West Palm Beach, 2701 N. Australian Ave., Suite 100, West Palm Beach, FL 33407 (www.lungfla.org); American Heart Association (www.americanheart.org); and Rabbi Meir Baal-Haness, 18 Hayward Street, No. 3, Brooklyn, NY 11249.

The Joy of Books

Hanging out in my frog-cave

Photo by Michael

“TSA will not ask travelers to do anything that will separate them from their child or children.”

—TSA.gov

Doesn’t that sound nice? Except for forcibly separating me from my child, TSA fully honored that promise last week.

Lisa, carrying our 2-week-old son, walked through the metal detector. I was sent to the AIT, which I opted out of. At that point, Lisa was on the far side of the checkpoint with our infant and all of our possessions, while I was kept out of sight and out of hearing range to await a pat-down. When I told the TSA again that I was traveling with my wife and infant son, I was told I could not move at all to be able to see them or let them know where I was. A TSA agent inspected our bags without waiting for me to arrive, so I could neither ask nor answer questions. A TSA agent confiscated most of our infant’s purified water for mixing formula without waiting for me to arrive, so I could not protest that decision (or even be informed of it until after the dangerous purified water had been removed to an undisclosed location).

This was in the security screening lane reserved specifically and exclusively for passengers traveling with children in strollers. These TSA agents were not dealing with an unusual situation. These TSA agents were simply acting in blatant disregard for the instincts of parents, the needs of children, and their own published promise.

Perhaps the key word in the TSA’s promise is ask. A careful reader would know that the TSA’s promise is meaningless, because the TSA never asks anything. They simply issue arbitrary and capricious demands, and then whine about the public not showing enough respect to go along with our compliance.

It’s enough to make me wonder out loud when Occupy Wall Street will expand to Occupy Terminal A?

Mini-blinds

Putting up mini-blinds is no fun when you don’t really like ladders. But I’m learning a few tricks:

1. Get better screws. The screws that came with the mini-blinds have lousy slots, so the driver tends to slip. 3/4" #6 pan-head sheet metal screws are making good replacements.

2. Get a longer screwdriver or driver bit. A 6 inch bit lets me use a larger power drill even though the bracket is right up against the window stop.

3. Use spacers to hold the blinds away from the window. I like to attach the mini-blinds within the window opening (between the stops) so the blinds don’t hide the casing. But I want them to be slightly in front of the window so they raise and lower more freely. A spacer lets me get a consistent distance. And if you tend to drop spacers (because you don’t have one hand to hold the spacer, a second hand to hold the bracket, and a third hand to hold the driver), then use several identical spacers and pick them all up afterwards.

What makes a library?

What is meaningful in a library? The books and media? The access to information, or to story, or to history? The gathering and cultivating and cataloging of those elements so necessary to civilization? The refuge from ignorance? The refuge from isolation? The people who make it all happen and help us understand the resources available to us? The open door?

A library to me is a public place, defined by who is allowed in rather than by public ownership. And on that measure, as well as every measure which I mentioned above, the library tent at Occupy Wall Street was a public library. They had over 5000 published books, original writing and poetry and art, people who volunteered there, and people who used the library. They had all that until New York City made the conscious decision to destroy the library.

That act of destruction was, to me, not qualitatively different from the book burning in Opernplatz in 1933. Both were political acts of destruction intended as statements of power, demeaning and diminishing those disfavored by the state, targeting the tangible instantiations of knowledge and discourse.

I want this week’s act of destruction to feel qualitatively different, because it makes me heartsick to have my birthplace behave in any way similarly to the birthplace of my grandparents, a birthplace they were forced to flee. I want to believe that the authorities’ behavior in New York City was callous rather than calculated. But I cannot find the significant distinctions. Is it because in New York only 5000 books were destroyed rather than the 20,000 in Berlin? Because the books in New York were seized and mangled rather than seized and burned? Because the authorities in New York used police and sanitation workers rather than students to do it? Because the destruction in New York was less fully coordinated with other cities, or because it targeted personal possessions as well as books, or because it was accompanied by police beating and teargassing their own citizens? None of those feel sufficiently distinguishing to allow me an easy rest.

Writing is my only means to scream my outrage and link arms with those who stand against this cyclic violence. I weep that my country would do this.

Someday

Many of the details of this photo are wrong for my home office. Not enough desk space, for example. But it’s finished and filled with books, and I am extremely envious.

Got dreidel?

The federal government would like me to buy a Christmas tree.

I don’t think the government should be promoting a particular religion. I don’t want my government telling my interfaith family which holidays to celebrate or how. I enjoy helping Lisa and her family celebrate Christmas at Lisa’s parents’ house, but it’s not my holiday. For me, a Christmas tree is religiously inappropriate.

And these ads should be disturbing to people who do not consider Christmas to be a secular holiday, but who view a Christmas tree as part of how you honor or celebrate one of your religious holidays. Do you really want the federal government telling you how you could make your religious practice better? Or telling you that your religious practice isn’t good enough?

Can you imagine the screaming if the USDA decided to run an ad campaign to promote halal meat?

I’m not sure hypothetical is the right word

Hypothetical scenario:

(1) There’s a city board in charge of granting out public money. (2) A member of the board leads the effort to set aside as much money as possible to pay for administrative expenses. (3) The same member of the board then leads the effort to have the board pay her sister to do administrative work, while simultaneously acting as her sister’s agent and only point of contact with the board. (4) This is administrative work which used to be done by board members for free, which could be done by volunteers, and which no comparable board pays money for. (5) The work will not be put out to bid, and the board will not ask for volunteers to do the work.

Is this more or less corrupt if the board member is also the board’s treasurer?
Aren’t there laws that ban this sort of action?
If the board is determined to throw away money on work that could be done for free or more cheaply, is the waste of public funds more important than the nepotism?
Would sunlight help fix any of this?
I resigned hours after (2) happened. Can I retroactively resign before (2)?
How do I get this rid of this overwhelming nausea?

Mapping the electrical fantastic

Over the past few years, we’ve created a basic electrical map of the house. So I know which circuit controls each light, each outlet, each switch. I can see ahead of time what will happen if I turn off a particular circuit breaker. There’s a great-looking circuit mapper tool for doing this quickly, but we did it the slow way: two people on phones, one plugs in an outlet tester and the other flips breakers until the outlet loses power. Write down the result, move on to the next outlet. Eventually I sketched each floor of the house in InDesign, put in all the lights, outlets, and switches in their approximate locations, and marked their circuit numbers on the map. The map could be improved: I could note the electrical loads of each outlet, the date each outlet was last (re)installed, who last did the connections, and which outlets are tamper-resistant. But as is, it’s been very helpful in the last round of electrical improvements to know which circuit breakers to turn off, which circuits could be extended, and where a short-circuit might be.

In the last 6 weeks we’ve added 2 ceiling fans and switches, removed two wall sconces, and added outdoor outlets in two locations, a front porch outlet, basement outlets in two locations, and a lot of outlets in two upstairs bedrooms. We’ve upgraded numerous other outlets in the process to tamper-resistant or GFI, upgraded a couple more circuit breakers to arc-fault, replaced our outdoor lights, and done some other electrical clean-up. Oh, and we have a doorbell outside our house if you want to come visit!

What the map doesn’t show, though, is the circuits themselves: the paths of the wires to get from the main panel to their various receptacles and fixtures. And that’s become an issue as we try to figure out how to replace a few short runs of wire partially buried in the walls. The tone generator and wire tracer aren’t working to tell me where the wires go once they disappear behind plaster and lath. I suddenly find myself a fan of surface-run wiring.

So I spent an hour yesterday following circuit #1 around our basement, and another hour trying to figure out how to figure it out. Seven junction boxes, most splitting the circuit into two or three directions, and eventually seven runs of wire heading up to the first or second floor. Four of the runs are obvious: they go up directly below a first floor outlet on that circuit. But three of the runs are completely mysterious: they head up nowhere near a corresponding destination. And even worse, there are only two items on circuit #1 which are unaccounted for: a key dining room outlet, and a wall sconce and outlet on the second floor which are clearly fed by the same run. At least one run heading upstairs cannot possibly be going anywhere good. Two of the mystery runs come from a junction box helpfully mounted directly over our furnace, so they cannot be disconnected without removing the furnace.

I have a start: I’ve laid out the basement spaghetti of circuit #1 on our map. (This will be a good exercise for me to learn how InDesign handles layers.) Of course, this fall was supposed to be about finishing house projects, not starting them, so a start doesn’t really feel like progress.

Let there be light

The Energy Policy Act of 2005 changed the rules for light kits in ceiling fans. Prior to that, most ceiling fans with light kits took regular-base light bulbs. In 2007, manufacturers stopped making ceiling fans that took regular-base light bulbs. Many switched to candelabra bases, and others switched to CFLs. We have halogen bulbs with regular bases that we really like, though, so when we put in a 4-socket ceiling fan in 2008 that came with candelabra bases, I rewired the light kit and attached regular sockets.

I forgot about this silliness until we installed a new ceiling fan in the guest room last week. The last time I bought the identical fan for my office, it came with a single 75-watt-max regular-base socket. When I opened the new one, to my surprise it came with a tiny 75-watt halogen bulb. Very cute, good light output, and completely incompatible with using any new efficient light bulbs. Or even older more efficient light bulbs. In my office ceiling fan, I use a 70-watt regular-base halogen that puts out 1600 lumens. The tiny 75-watt halogen puts out 1300 lumens. The new efficiency rules are forcing me to use a less efficient light. And forget about ever putting in a medium-base CFL or LED, since the socket is wrong. This is clearly the wrong outcome of the new rules.

The ceiling fan manufacturer came through for me when I called, and sent me a couple of replacement regular-base light kits for when I want to switch to a more efficient bulb. But I can’t publicly thank them for that, because I agreed with their wonderful customer service rep that we never had that conversation and that they wouldn’t ship me anything. The correct light kits arrived yesterday, in time for installing the last ceiling fan on Thursday. Or would have arrived yesterday, if they had shipped me anything. Which they didn’t. At no charge.

Step 3: Profit!

The USPS wants to close the West Medford Post Office, because it currently turns a profit of only $300,000 a year and is less than 2 miles from the Medford Square Post Office. They are remarkably bad at explaining their reasoning, so everyone wonders why the USPS would want to give up $300,000 a year by closing a profitable branch. The USPS reasoning is presumably that if they close West Medford then the income will all shift to Medford Square when people bring their mail there, and the costs at West Medford will mostly be eliminated, so their total profit between the two branches would be higher.

On the cost side, the USPS is not exactly being honest. The West Medford labor costs are by far their highest expense. Those costs cannot be eliminated, since the workers cannot be laid off. The USPS will save maybe $50,000 a year on rent, utilities, cleaning, maintenance, and equipment.

On the income side, the USPS is being bizarrely optimistic. Some mail volume will go to the nearest branch, particularly for the sorts of mail which have no competition: postage-paid envelopes, first class mail, international mail. But Express Mail and domestic package shipping is a huge portion of their income at local branches, and that shipping has competition from UPS and FedEx. The USPS is betting that most people and businesses will not shift that sort of shipping over to UPS and FedEx just because of having to bring packages to Medford Square instead of West Medford. After all, it’s only an added 5-10 minutes of travel time, an added 5-10 minutes spent waiting in line, and the extra inconvenience of more difficult and unpredictable parking, parking further away from the door, and carrying packages up an extra flight of steps (or an extremely long ramp). For an infrequent shipper, that’s not a big enough obstacle to change their mail volume significantly. For a frequent shipper, that adds up quickly into an incentive to explore alternatives. And frequent shippers are the customers that the USPS should be most concerned about attracting and keeping.

My particular business situation is not unique among mail order businesses. We spend $10,000 a year on shipping. $1000 of that goes to FedEx Ground, and $9000 goes to the USPS. Of the USPS volume, most is picked up at our location (and is therefore counted as Medford Square income, since Medford Square handles those), some is dropped off at Medford Square, and some is dropped off at West Medford. We are probably only counted as $500 of income for West Medford, since that’s all the mail volume we drop off there.

But when we decide on which sorts of packages we are going to ship through FedEx Ground vs. through the USPS, we don’t know which packages we’re going to have picked up and which we’re going to drop off. What we do know is that the West Medford option, 5% of our annual shipping volume, accounts for the majority of our most important packages, and is by far the fastest and least stressful drop-off location for urgent packages. So we set the USPS as a default for 90% of our shipping because of that 5% that goes to West Medford. If the USPS closes West Medford, we will have to reconsider our shipping plan, and we could easily shift at least 40% of our shipping over to FedEx Ground, rather than shifting that West Medford 5% over to Medford Square. If we do that, the USPS will see $7 of lost Medford Square income for each $1 of lost West Medford income on our mail volume.

The problem for the USPS in modeling these outcomes is that they offer frequent shippers like us no way to express the importance of particular branch locations to our shipping decisions. I’ve asked if there is any way to have the USPS appropriately apportion the income they receive from us between West Medford and Medford Square, and there isn’t. That would require cooperation from Medford Square, and Medford Square doesn’t want to do anything that would hurt their apparent bottom line by attributing any income to West Medford. The USPS can’t figure out how to compete with FedEx and UPS, but they have figured out how to compete destructively with themselves.